영아 양육지원 수요 분석 및 종합적 대응 방안

Abstract

□ 정부는 영아 자녀를 둔 가구의 양육을 지원하기 위해 기관 서비스 확대와 가정 내 양육 지원 등 다양한 지원정책을 시행해 오고 있음

- 영아 기관보육 활성화와 가정 내 양육지원 정책의 정책 방향이 상충됨

- 영아 양육 지원 정책에 대한 시행 주체가 다양하여 각 사업별 적정 규모에 대한 통합적인 접근 필요함

- 개별성, 정합성, 통합성을 충족시키기 위해서는 정책 수요자에 대한 면밀한 파악이 이뤄져야 하며, 현재 시행하고 있는 정책의 우선순위를 정립하여 자원의 선택과 집중이 필요함

- 본 연구의 목적은 현재 영아를 대상으로 하는 다양한 정책의 혼재 속에서 영아 양육 지원에 대한 수요자들의 명확한 욕구를 분석하고 종합적 대응 방안을 수립하는 데 있음

The purpose of this study is to analyze the demand of infant childcare support and establish the comprehensive response plan. To do this, the study identifies the history of domestic infant childcare and support policy and examines the infant childcare related data from the previous childcare support surveys, such as National Childcare Survey (2015, 2018). In addition, with parents of infants, the study performs both the survey for infant childcare by household characteristics, childcare service and residential area to investigate general demand, and the in-depth interview.

As a result, the study suggests several comprehensive policies to strengthen the direct childcare by parents for infant under 1 year old, and to accept various demand of childcare support for infants. For infant under 1 year old, the use of parental leave should be enhanced and in particular, it is needed to make fathers use parental leave for a certain period to increase the childcare participation of males continuously. Moreover, in case of (parents) direct childcare, the income preservation needs to be considered through ‘special additional childcare allowance for direct childcare’ and for single income household, it is needed to strengthen various services to support home childcare. To respond the demand of various childcare supports of the household who cares infants 1~2 years old, it is required to guarantee the selection rights for the use of time policies freely such as shortening working hours during childcare period, flexible working system, and so on. Also, the study suggests ‘Urgent Early Leave’ which is a time policy for working parents to have 3~4 times leaves a year for the purpose of taking care of their child under emergency. In addition, for dual income households who return to work after finishing the parental leave, and have the long-waiting period for childcare service institution, it is needed to establish ‘Temporary childcare support service’ more actively. As part-time workers do not join the Employment Insurance, dual income households with one part-time worker are on a blind spot for the use of the time policies, and thus it is needed to accomplish the generalization of the policies by expanding the policy target.