한국아동 성장발달 종단연구 2022 (한국아동패널 Ⅱ)

Abstract

The Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) is the first longitudinal study for newborns organized by the Korean Institute of Child Care and Education, and has been conducted for 15 years since 2008 for those born in 2008. PSKC has been providing researchers meaningful data accumulated every year contributing to academic field and policy by providing meaningful data in the field to analyze the influence of the environment surrounding the children to children’s development. PSKC was designed to understand the various environments surrounding children, including parents, school, peers, communities, and policies, based on Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological perspective. Most of the panel participant children is 2nd grade of Junior high school and the study is planned to continue until 2027. The contents of the 2022 annual report is largely divided into three categories. First, the 15th wave PSKC was conducted. Second, a basic analysis of the survey data conducted in the 14th year (the first year of middle school) is conducted. Third, the 13th academic conference was held by sharing the results of meaningful academic research. In the 14th wave PSKC, as the panel children entered Junior high school, the scales were extensively modified with variables that are appropriate for adolescence, and most of the were maintained this year. In the annual report in 2022, we analyzed the data that were collected in 2021 (14th wave) and provided the characteristics of children, parents, households and community. In total, 1,304 panel households (1,293 children) have participated in the 14th year of the survey in 2021. Followings are some representative points from the research results of the 14th wave. First, the 7th grade panel children’s mean height for boys is 164.15㎝ and mean height for girls is 158.9cm. The 7th grade panel children’s mean weight for boys is 58.99kg and mean weight for girls is 51.13kg. The average time of media using is 6.56hours per a day in 14th wave and it was 2.80hours per a day in 13th wave. Second, the mean score of academic stress in the 14th wave is 2.42 on the 5-point-scale. The average score of girls is a lit higher than that of boys, and the children of unemployed mothers showed higher academic stress than the children of employed mothers. Third, 96.31% of fathers were employed, 63.3% of mothers were employed. Among the employed mothers, the proportion of regular workers were 68.98% in 14th wave which was 7.3%point higher than proportion in 13th wave. Lastly, the proportion of using the private education is 88.28% for 7th garde excluding the after-school classes. The children with higher house income tend to use private education compared to children with lower house income. In the 14th wave, there was an interesting finding. While the proportion of children who was shown as addition to media devices (measured by their guardians) was 44.58%, the proportion of children who was shown as addiction to cell phone (measured by children themselves). Even though the measurement was not exactly same, the result was too different. This results showed us that a policy effort is needed for parents and children to understand each others perspectives.