아동에 대한 사회적 배제의 실태와 대응과제: 아동 혐오와 차별 현상 진단을 중심으로

Abstract

Anyone should be able to use and communicate comfortably in public places and spaces. Therefore, restricting the use of public spaces because of age can lead to social exclusion and discrimination. In this study, among the various dimensions of social exclusion, we focused on children’s social relationships and diagnosed whether young children were excluded or discriminated against in public places and spaces. To this end, a survey was conducted on 1,200 people, including 446 households with children under elementary school age, and surveyed on perceptions of respect for children’s rights and In addition, an interview survey was conducted with 12 people from households with children and 12 young people(ages 20 to 39) to investigate awareness of young children’s use and entry of public spaces.experiences and demands of social exclusion for young children. Local government policies regarding the operation of child-friendly public spaces and operation cases by type of public space were analyzed. Through social big data analysis, social discourse on children’s rights and social exclusion of children from 2014 to 2023 was identified. By combining the above analysis results, we diagnosed whether discrimination and hatred against children exist, and proposed major strategies for social response and detailed improvement tasks for each type of public space. First of all, the avoidance of young children in public places is not a cause for concern, and the targets of avoidance or disgust are identified as caregivers who do not discipline elementary school students who engage in problematic behavior. However, there are concerns that hate speech against female caregivers is spreading. Next, the main strategies for social response are spreading best practices related to respect for children and consideration for caregivers, overcoming child exclusion by expanding open spaces for all age groups, and fostering children through linkage with child-friendly city and women-friendly city creation projects. It was presented as creating a friendly environment and preparing differentiated measures to respect and consider children according to the type of public space. As a way to create a social foundation, it was proposed to enact the “Anti-Discrimination Act” to prohibit discrimination on the basis of age and strengthen relief measures, and to enact the “Basic Children’s Act” to strengthen children’s rights. In addition, it was proposed to establish a legal basis for unification of child-friendly business-related businesses and to identify policy tasks to expand child-friendly businesses. Lastly, detailed tasks regarding active measures for respect and consideration of children were presented for each type of public space.