한국아동패널 2012

Abstract

This study was designed to obtain national data on the current facts and trends of child rearing in Korea. It is expected research in related fields to be promoted and child care and education polices of the nation to be made and improved, based on the PSKC data. The report is consisted of two parts: the first part describes how the PSKC 2012 annual study was conducted and the second part presents the results of the PSKC 2011 data and the longitudinal data of the 4 years. For the PSKC 2012 annual study, the 5th year survey, an individual creativity test was performed to each panel child as well as CBCL and HOME test through computer assisted personal interview(CAPI). The 4th year data was collected with a nationally representative sample of 1,754 panels in 2011. The data was also obtained being computer assisted personal interviews, questionnaires from parents by mail or in person, and questionnaires from teachers via web-mail. The data were analyzed according to six topics: the general characteristics of participating panels, child development, parenting, child care services, types of child care/education, and child care policies. The results are as follows: 1) General characteristics of participating panels: The average monthly income of households was 5,330,100 won, while the average monthly expenses were 3,138,100 won. The employment rate of mothers increased every year with 29.2% in the first year, 31.3% in the second year, 32.9% in the third year, and 38.5% in the fourth year. 2) Characteristics of child development: The children weighed 4.78kg, and were 96.87cm tall on the average. The activity that the children did most during a day was TV/video watching, followed by reading and attending at a day care or preschool. Analysis of Receptive Expressive Vocabulary Test has found that the receptive vocabulary proficiency was higher than the expressive vocabulary proficiency; 80.2% and 70.4% of the children were within the normal range at the receptive and expressive vocabulary proficiency, respectively. 3) Characteristics of parenting: 20.2% of the participating panels had an additional birth plan; 72.7% didn't have; and 7.2% didn't know. About 60% of the mothers and fathers didn't show any preference over the sex of their children. Mothers responded that the husbands took part in child rearing for 1.56 hours during the weekdays and 4.86 hours during the weekends on the average, while they did 5.12 hours and 9.02 hours, respectively. Over the four years, the husbands intended to satisfy with their marriage more than the mothers. 4) Characteristics of child care services: During the daytime, 90.8% of the panel children attended a day care center, 2% got a personal care service, 1.7% went to a kindergarten, and 1.4% used a cram school. Almost 70% of the institutions offered an extra curriculum with the English program most. 5) Characteristics of types of child care/education: Most of the children preferred the block and pretend-play area most at a day care center or kindergarten. The parent mainly participated in parental guidance for child development and child activity-related programs. 6) Characteristics of child care policies: Regarding balance between work and family, about 30% of mothers choose maternity leave, while as 26% of fathers did aid for child-care expenses. One hundred ninety-nine households have received a support service from a government. The households used regular physical check-ups for infants and young children most. Over the years, as the need for maternity leave has decreased, the needs for child-care leave and aid for child-care expenses have increased.