돌봄 취약계층 맞춤형 육아지원 방안(Ⅱ): 입양아동을 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to describe the present conditions and systems of adoption, to identify improvements of supporting policy based on the experiences in adoptive families and to suggest solutions to reduce factors to impede development and adjustment of adopted children. That is, this study tried to investigate how the children were cared for before adoption, to determine the factors to help or impede development of adopted children, and to suggest programs to support adoptive families after adoption based on their parenting experiences. This study was aimed at helping adopted children grow healthy to the ultimate. For this purpose the study was done as follows: First, we described the current adoption conditions including the rate of domestic and overseas adoption, the number of adopted children by analyzing related data from the KOSIS, Ministry of Health and Welfare, adoption agencies, etc. and reviewing related literatures on adoption. Second, we examined the laws and systems of adoption including qualifications and procedures for adoption and supporting systems for adoptive families, and investigated their changes. In addition, we reviewed ‘Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption’ and international(Germany, USA, and UK) adoption systems to understand the trend of adoption. Third, we determined the actual conditions of adopted child-rearing and supporting needs by surveying demographic characteristics, experience in adoption process, experience of adopted child rearing, demand of supporting policy for adoptive family, and awareness of adoption on 272 parents in adoptive families. Fourth, we collected 39 adoptive family cases based on the age of adopted children(infancy, early childhood, childhood, adolescence), with or without biological children, disabled children and older adopted children, and examined the difficulties and demands for caring adopted children. In addition we investigated chid care system before adoption, adoptive parents-children matching, and service for adoptive families through interviewing practitioners of adoption agencies. Finally, we suggested substantial plans to care pre-adoption children and to support parenting in adoptive families and to reduce prejudice against adoption on the basis of the result of this study as follows. Child caring system before adoption: Minimization of separation experience and sudden change in environment, providing environment supporting for development, giving foster care prior to adoption, meeting adoptive parents before adoption, preparing regulations of foster care, forming alliance between adoptive parents and children; Enhancing supporting systems for adoptive families: improving adoption services(changing from supporting adoption fee to supporting operating expenses of adoption service, unification of adoptive service systems), improving financial supporting system from long-term perspective, activating substantial parenting education program, enhancing continuity and accessibility of the program(Using community resources such as Central Support Center for Childcare and Healthy Family Support Center, developing and distributing programs, and giving information via internet), professional intervention for children with special needs, case management of families requiring mediation, training adoption specialists; Enhancing public awareness of adoption: overcoming the discrimination and bias against adoptive family, eliminating biased terms of adoption, anti-bias education for adoption and creating healthy adoption culture.