영유아 교육·보육비용 추정 연구Ⅱ

Abstract

This study is a research in Year 3, following Children's Education and Childcare Expense Researches of Seo Munhee, Yang Misun(2012) and Yang Misun, et al.(2013). Purposes of this study are to identify current status and amount of expenses of children's education and childcare services, analyze the trend of expenses during Year 1-3, and propose political measures to mitigate parents' burden. Among 293 research sections of the childcare status research in 2012, 100 sections were divided into 'dong', 'eup/myeon', general, and apartment sections; then 25 families were selected per section by a random sampling method, and they were visited by professional interviewers for an interview research at home. Finally, data of 3,611 children of 2,509 families were obtained. Outcomes of this study are as follows. Among total children, children who did not have education/childcare expenses was 15.9%, which was declined from 19% of 2012. Expenses per one child was monthly average of 197,200won on a basis of total children and monthly average of 234,600won excluding children without expenses. Percentage of this expense out of total income and spending was 4.9% vs. family income and 5.9% vs. total spending on a basis of total children; however, when looking at only children with expenses, the numbers were 3.4% and 7.0% each. This percentage was lower than that of 2012, but slightly higher than that of 2013, from which we can judge children's parents' burden of expense had somewhat grown. Next, in terms of children's private education expenses, children without expenses were at 25.7%, which was on a declining trend vs. 36.3% in 2012 and 32.0% in 2013. Monthly average private education expenses per one child among total children was 108,400won, and it was average 145,900won among children with such expenses only. Percentages of this expense vs. family income and total spending were 2.7% and 3.2% each on a basis on total children, and 3.6% and 4.3% on a basis of children with expenses. These percentages had increased by 0.3%p vs. previous year for total children, but with no difference for the children with expenses. If total education and childcare expenses were estimated using average education and childcare expenses per child, private education expenses, and population by age, the size of total education and childcare expenses would be 5,999,100,000,000won and total private education expenses would be 3,228,900,000,000won, as of May, 2014. These expenses were 0.42% and 0.23% vs. GDP, which had increased vs. previous year. Political measures to mitigate children's parents' burden of expenses are as follows. First, criteria for kindergarten tuition should be established, and criteria for after-school's specialized activity operation needs to be improved. Second, price cap system for daycare fee and other expenses should be improved. Third, there should be a legal basis for classes for children at 'culture centers'. Lastly, prohibition on prerequisite learning with children's home-study materials needs to be enacted to prohibit subject-focused learning.