초등학교 전이과정에서 나타나는 아동의 행복감 변화유형: 취학 전 아동 및 부모 특성을 중심으로
Alternative Title
Patterns of Change in Children’s Happiness during the Transition to Elementary School: Focusing on Preschool Factors in Relations to Children and Parents
본 연구는 초등학교 전이를 경험하는 아동의 행복감 변화 유형을 살펴보고, 각 유형 별 취학 전 시기의 아동 및 부모 특성을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 한국아동패널조사 7차년도(7세)와 8차년도(8세) 자료(N=1,480)를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등학교 전이기를 거치며 아동의 행복감은 유의하게 낮아졌다. 둘째, 아동의 행복감 변화유형은 높음 유지형, 상승형, 감소형, 낮음 유지형으로 분류되었다. 셋째, 초등학교 전이기 아동의 행복감 변화 유형에 따라 학교준비도, 부모 양육행동 및 행복감, 또래놀이행동이 달랐다. 구체적으로 높음 유지형이 감소형에 비해 학교준비도가 높았으며, 낮음 유지형과 감소형에 비해 부모 양육행동이 온정적이었다. 또한 높음 유지형과 상승형의 부모 행복감이 높았으며, 높음 유지형이 감소형에 비해 긍정적 또래놀이행동이 높았다. 이 연구는 초등학교로의 행복한 전이를 위한 지원 및 개입의 이론적 근거를 제시한 점에서 의의가 있다.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the change patterns of children’s self-rated happiness during the transition to elementary school and to identify the characteristics of each pattern. To achieve these goals, 7th (7-year-old) and 8th(8-year-old) year data of the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) were used for investigation. Results are as follows. First, the level of children’s overall happiness had significantly been lowered during the transition to elementary school. Second, a cluster analysis revealed four distinct patterns of change in children’s happiness: high-maintaining, high-to-low, low-to-high, and low-maintaining. Third, the aspects of an individual child’s school readiness, parents’ parenting behavior, parents’ subjective happiness, and children’s peer play behavior were significantly different among the subgroups. Specifically, school readiness was significantly higher in high-maintaining than in high-to-low; affective parenting was higher in high-maintaining than in low-maintaining or high-to-low. Children in groups of high-maintaining and low-to-high had higher levels of parental happiness in preschool period, compared to that of high-to-low and low-maintaining. High-maintaining children were higher in positive peer interaction but lower in play cessation. The results provide theoretical rationale of individualized intervention approach that would support children’s happy transition to elementary school.