유아 사교육 실태와 개선 방안: 조기 외국어 교육 효과를 중심으로

Abstract

The aim of the study is to clarify the effects of early foreign language by scientific ways. The study tried to accomplish it with two experimental methods. First, after preschoolers, third grades, and undergraduates learned Chinese language during 20 sessions according to Chinese education program and manual, a pre-test and a post-test regarding abilities of listening, speaking and reading were measured. Next, eye-movement tracking and ERP were measured to understand the sensitivity of sematic processing. The patterns of eye-movement tracking and ERP at Korean preschoolers, third grades, and undergraduates were compared with those of Chinese undergraduates. Researchers tried to find out which age group among Korean three age groups of experiment participants was the most similar pattern with the Chinese undergraduate group. In addition, the status of early private education was explored by literature review and the analysis of national survey data focusing on early foreign language education. After reviewing the literature and data analysis, it was revealed that many preschoolers have already experienced foreign language education, and some preschoolers were mainly living at the circumstances centered on foreign language education. The current social backgrounds that the fees of foreign language education are increasing are also social problems to be solved. Based on the aforementioned background, the study has been completed. The results of the effects of Chinese language education through the scores of the pre-test and the post-test were analyzed by ANCOVA. In the ANCOVA test, the scores of IQ test and REVT(Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test) were included as two control variables. The results were as follows. First, third grades’ and undergraduates’ Chinese speaking scores were significantly higher than preschoolers’ones. Undergraduates’ Chinese reading scores were the best among the three age groups, then was followed by third grades. Listening scores were not significantly different from three age groups even though undergraduates’ listening scores were highest among them. The results of measuring eye-movement tracking and ERP(Event Related Potentials) were as follows. First, there was a significant difference in the fixation time of Chinese undergraduates and Korean undergraduates on grammatically wrong sentences, and 85% of all correspondents showed right answers. Next, researchers measured the N400 which is known as indicating the sensitivity of semantic processing. The result of measuring the brainwave at the location of N400 revealed that the patterns of brainwave at the N400 were similar between Chinese undergraduates and Korean undergraduates, which was not significant. However, preschoolers’ and third grades’ brainwave patterns at the N400 location showed a big difference from those of Chinese undergraduates. Based on these results, some political measurements could be suggested. At the national level, the proper guidance regarding early foreign language education needs to be provided. For this, the scientific experimental research regarding the effects of foreign language education should be accumulated and the results should be expended. Parents’ understandings about early foreign language education need to be reconsidered. Preschooler’s play right should be protected in order to increase children’s healthy growth and development.